SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP035
ARLP035 Propagation de K7RA

ZCZC AP35
QST de W1AW  
Propagation Forecast Bulletin 35  ARLP035
From Tad Cook, K7RA
Seattle, WA  August 30, 2013
To all radio amateurs 

SB PROP ARL ARLP035
ARLP035 Propagation de K7RA

Solar activity slipped this week, with the average daily sunspot
number declining nearly 50 points to 77, and average daily solar
flux down nearly 10 points to 116.4. In fact, those nearly numbers
were 49.9 and 9.9.

The latest prediction from NOAA/USAF (Thursday, August 29, 2013) has
solar flux at 108, 105 and 108 on August 30 through September 1, 110
on September 2-3, 112 on September 4-5, then 115 and 120 on
September 6-7, 125 on September 8-14, 120 on September 15, 115 on
September 16-17, 110 on September 18, 105 on September 19-21, then
110 and 105 on September 22-23, and 100 on September 24-25.

Until August 27-28, the forecast had solar flux dropping below 100
on August 30 through September 2, but the outlook was upgraded for
this period. But note that flux values are predicted to drop below
100 on September 26-28.

Predicted planetary A index is 20 on August 30-31, 12 on September
1, 5 on September 2-3, 8 on September 4, 5 on September 5-9, then
10, 15 and 18 on September 10-12, 8 on September 13-14, 5 on
September 15-16, then 12, 18 and 15 on September 17-19, 5 on
September 20-21, 12 and 8 on September 22-23, and 5 on September
24-26.

Every day (usually between 2100-2200 UTC) you can see an update of
all the above data at
http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ftpmenu/forecasts/45DF.html. Today I notice
that the August 29 prediction (this bulletin is written every Friday
long before 2100 UTC) was revised and re-released at 0839 UTC today,
about 11 hours after the earlier version. I need to re-check those
numbers!

Much talk lately has centered around a possible dual peak in the
current solar cycle. This would follow a patter established in
recent solar cycles. If this is so, the first peak probably occurred
in the Fall of 2011. Now it appears that perhaps the second peak was
in Spring 2013.

We are just a day away from the end of the month, so we won't see
the actual averages until next week, but we can get a pretty close
reading knowing the actual numbers for 29 of the 31 days in August.

The average daily sunspot number for the first 29 days of August was
92.2. This is above the levels for June and July, 80.2 and 86.2, but
lower than April and May. This also pegs the 3-month average of
daily sunspot numbers (centered on July) around 86.1, based on data
from 90 of the 92 days in that period. This is above all of the
3-month moving averages centered on September 2012 through March
2013, but lower than the previous three periods centered on April
and May (106.4) and 97.5 for June.

The two stand-out periods were both when the 3-month moving average
was above 100.  Those were centered on October through December 2011
(118.8, 118.6 and 110) and April and May of this year, when averages
were both 106.4.

We began tracking a three month moving average in early 2007, in the
February 9 bulletin (see
http://www.arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive/ARLP006/2007) and have
continued in each or the 78 months since then.

For those unfamiliar with this concept, a moving average is used to
smooth out the day-to-day variations in noisy data to make it easier
to spot trends. If you wanted to create a 30-day moving average of
any data, such as stock prices, temperature or sunspot numbers, you
would add all the numbers for the previous 29 days to today's value,
then divide by 30. Tomorrow you would drop off the first number in
the series and include tomorrow's number. This continues, day after
day, and what emerges is a graph that smoothes out day-to-day
variations, making it easier to spot trends.

Because this bulletin was always text-based - 47 years ago as a
child, I copied my predecessor's weekly propagation bulletins in
Morse code from W1AW - I needed a simple way to present a moving
average without the aid of graphics, in order to spot trends in the
upcoming cycle.

In this simple method, I would do an arithmetic average (adding all
the daily sunspot numbers, then dividing by the number of days) for
a three-month period.

On the first day of April I would add all the numbers from January 1
through March 31, then divide by 91 in a leap year, and 90 in all
other years. This reveals an average either described as centered on
February, or the period ending in March.

On May 1 I could average all the data for February through April, so
every month, one old month drops off, and a new month is added.
Wikipedia has a page explaining this at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average, and you can see there
are many ways to slice and dice the data.

Next week we will present the data described above, we will see the
two peaks and decline since then.

For some reason (it's Summer?) there were no reports from readers
this week.

I haven't looked at this site in a long time, and I see it has added
many attractive and useful features:

http://www.solen.info/solar/

Note the fantastic images under the "Active Solar Regions" heading.
Note if you click on the image, it will take you to a more detailed
picture, such as
http://www.solen.info/solar/images/AR_CH_20130829_hres.jpg.

You can then hack that URL to see a series of images of successive
days.  Note the date in this URL is for 8-29-2013, expressed here as
/AR_CH_20130829_hres.jpg. You can change it to 20130828, 20130827,
etc, then use the back-forward button on your web browser to see the
images from successive days, along with the solar rotation.

If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net.

For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
Technical Information Service web page at
http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of the
numbers used in this bulletin, see
http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere. An archive of past
propagation bulletins is at
http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

Sunspot numbers for August 22 through 28 were 125, 127, 101, 46, 35,
61, and 44, with a mean of 77. 10.7 cm flux was 131.6, 124.1, 117.4,
112.6, 111.2, 109.7, and 108.1, with a mean of 116.4. Estimated
planetary A indices were 13, 15, 7, 7, 5, 15, and 9, with a mean of
10.1. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 11, 14, 8, 7, 4, 12, and
8, with a mean of 9.1.
NNNN
/EX